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Exlade Street is a hamlet in Checkendon civil parish in Oxfordshire about northwest of Reading. The hamlet is about above sea level in the Chiltern Hills. The toponym is derived from the Old English personal name ''Ecgi'' and ''slaed'', meaning "valley".〔Lobel, 1962, pages 93–112〕 Ecgi slaed was originally an ancient British upland farm complex owned by Ecgi and set in the valley today occupied by Exlade Street. Exlade is also recorded variously as Hekeslad (1241) Egesflade (1278) Eggeslade (1285) Egeslade (1360) Egslade (1366) and Egguslhade(1406),〔Margaret Gelling, The Place-Names of Oxfordshire, Part 1 (EPNS 23), Cambridge 1953〕 By the later medieval period, 'street' was often used to describe straggling villages in areas of late woodland clearance. Such places as Exlade Street in the Chilterns and Paley Street east of Reading are instances.〔The Place-Name Evidence for a Routeway Network in early Medieval England, Ann Cole - Kellogg College Oxford 2010. page 28〕 ==History== Evidence of the activity of early man in the area was found when a Neolithic flint tranchet axe/adze (5 1/2 inches long)dating from circa 3,000 BC was dug up in the garden of Mulberry Cottage and this is now held in Reading Museum.〔Reading Museum Archaeological Notes - 65;60〕 In early Medieval time Exlade Street was a dependent settlement of South Stoke and the earliest written record of it dates from 1241.〔Emery, 1974, page 96〕 From 1094 South Stoke and its dependent settlements belonged to Eynsham Abbey.〔 In 1366 the Abbey had of wood at Exlade Street.〔 Early references show an Exlade Street resident- John de Eggeslade recorded as a Witness at the Oxford Coroners Court Friday, 8 June 1324 〔Records of Medieval Oxford; Coroners Inquests page 27〕 John was obviously a popular Exlade Street name as another John de Eggesalde is also recorded in the Benson Manor rolls in May 1400 standing bail for William Shaldeston - who had been excommunicated by, Henry, Bishop of Lincoln.〔''A History of the Manor of Bensington (Benson, Oxon): A Manor of Ancient Demesne''〕 In 1323 Walter son and heir of Peter Cock' of Checkendon to Sweyn de Mortele and Alice his wife: Grant of rents from tenements in Exlade, in South Stoke (Eggeslade in Stoke Abbots)〔E 210/6348 National Archives Kew〕 (it is speculated that Cocks Hill in Exlade Street may have got its name from the family of Peter Cock who owned land in Exlade Street and Checkendon) and 1362 sees the sale of land in Eggeslade by Henry de Aldrynton' and Elizabeth, his wife.〔Feet of Fines: CP 25/1/190/21, number 66〕 Dame Isabel Pryour, lady of Shiplake rent from Thomas Hoke, John Crouche, and John Passelewe of Egslade: a tenement called 'le Cokus' and land in Checkendon in 1399.〔National Archives Kew DL 25/1647〕 The land Le Cokus may be the current Corkers Farm - which is located just above the Exlade Street The Passelewe family also owned Payables farm and many worked as woodwards - who managed the woodland which surrounded Exlade Street and was owned by Eynsham Abbey.〔Mediaeval Woods in the Oxfordshire Chilterns. By P.C. PREECE〕 Abbot's wood is just east of Exlade Street comprising 348 acres and was given to Eynsham abbey in 1109, the abbey retained Abbot's wood, which first appears under this name in 1536,until the Dissolution, when it was given to Christ Church College and became known as Abbotts or College wood 〔 Holly Shaw (a strip of woodland on the edge of the Hamlet) is another indication of the wooded nature of the land. Shaws, in the Oxfordshire Chilterns, were strips of woodland left as field boundaries after the clearance of woodland〔 In 1597, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, it was recorded that the vicar of South Stoke held services at St. Leonard's Woodcote only on Christmas Day, Easter Day and a few other days each year.() Some worshippers travelled 3 miles (4.8 km) each way to South Stoke to go to church, but most preferred to travel less than 1 mile (1.6 km) to SS Peter and Paul in the adjacent parish of Checkendon.() The law obliged everyone to worship in their own parishes, so since 1595 the Rector of Checkendon had prosecuted people from Exlade Street in the local archdeacon's court for coming to his church.() In response the faithful of Exlade Street and Woodcote petitioned John Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury for permission to worship at Checkendon.() Whitgift granted the request, so long as they continued to attend their parish church in South Stoke four times a year 〔Lobel, 1962, pages 93-112〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Exlade Street」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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